FITTING
- Define the terms: Fitting and Bench work in Engineering Workshop.
Fitting: The process of assembling and finishing metal components by filing, cutting, and shaping to ensure proper fit.
Bench work: Work done at a bench, involving measuring, cutting, filing, and finishing materials manually.
- Classify hacksaw blades.
Hacksaw blades are classified based on teeth per inch (TPI) as coarse (14-18 TPI), medium (20-24 TPI), and fine (28-32 TPI), suited for various materials.
- Differentiate between ‘Single cut’ and ‘Double cut’ files?
Single cut files have parallel rows of teeth for smoother finishing.
Double cut files have crisscrossed teeth rows for faster material removal and rougher finishing.
- Differentiate between ‘Cross filing’ and ‘Draw filing’?
Cross filing involves filing at an angle for rapid material removal.
Draw filing involves moving the file along the workpiece length for smoother surface finishing.
- Name the different types of hammers used in fitting work?
Types include ball-peen hammer, cross-peen hammer, straight-peen hammer, mallet, soft-faced hammer, and sledgehammer, used for striking, shaping, and fitting work.
- Differentiate between cross-peen hammer and straight-peen hammer.
Cross-peen hammer has a peen perpendicular to the handle for sideways shaping.
Straight-peen hammer has a peen parallel to the handle for linear striking and shaping.
CARPENTRY
- What is the sequence of operations in carpentry?
Measuring, marking, cutting, planning, chiseling, assembling, and finishing. This sequence ensures proper dimensions, fit, and a smooth final product.
- What is the difference between marking gauge and marking knife?
Marking gauge marks parallel lines to edges using a scribing pin. Marking knife creates precise, thin lines for cutting with tools like saws or chisels.
- What is the difference between C-clamp and bar clamp?
C-clamp is small and used for temporary holding. Bar clamp is larger, with greater reach, ideal for holding wide workpieces during carpentry.
- What for a plane is used in a carpentry shop?
A plane smoothens or reduces the thickness of wood surfaces, ensuring uniformity and removing irregularities.
- Name the various shops coming under common shops?
Fitting shop, carpentry shop, welding shop, blacksmith shop, sheet metal shop, and machine shop.
- Classify the planning tools?
Planning tools include jack plane, smoothing plane, block plane, and spoke shave, each used for different wood surfaces and shapes.
- Classify the chisels and their applications?
Firmer chisel: General-purpose cutting.
Mortise chisel: For deep cuts.
Paring chisel: For precision.
Bevel-edge chisel: For corners and angles.
- Name the various types of joints?
Butt joint, lap joint, dovetail joint, mortise and tenon joint, and finger joint.
- Name some holding, marking, measuring tools?
Holding tools: C-clamp, bar clamp.
Marking tools: Marking knife, marking gauge.
Measuring tools: Ruler, caliper.
- What is meant by least count?
The smallest measurable value of an instrument, defining its precision. For example, a vernier caliper may have a least count of 0.02 mm.
- What is the use for firmer chisel?
It’s a general-purpose chisel for cutting and shaping wood, useful for heavier cuts compared to paring chisels.
- Name the cutting, planning, and finishing tools?
Cutting tools: Saw, chisel.
Planning tools: Plane, spoke shave.
Finishing tools: Sandpaper, file.
- Name of any five measuring instruments?
Ruler, caliper, measuring tape, protractor, try square.
- What is the use of metal jack plane?
It is used to smooth or reduce the thickness of wood, making surfaces level and uniform.
HOUSE WIRING
- What is the function of tester?
A tester checks the presence of electrical voltage or current in a circuit or appliance, ensuring safety during handling or repairs.
- What is the function of indicator lamp?
An indicator lamp signals whether a device or circuit is operational by glowing when current flows through it.
- Mention the classifications of switches?
Switches are classified as one-way, two-way, rotary, push-button, toggle, and limit switches, each designed for specific control applications.
- Why do we wear footwear while handling electrical appliances?
Footwear acts as an insulator, preventing direct contact with the ground and reducing the risk of electrical shocks.
- What is an energy meter used for? What is the unit of electrical energy?
An energy meter measures electrical energy consumption. The unit of electrical energy is kilowatt-hour (kWh).
- What is the difference b/w 1 way & 2 way switch?
A one-way switch controls a single circuit, while a two-way switch allows control of a circuit from two locations.
- What is the magnitude of supply voltage we get at home?
The standard supply voltage for homes is 230 volts (single phase) or 415 volts (three-phase), depending on the region.
- How to decide whether to use single-phase or three-phase supply?
Single-phase is used for small loads like homes. Three-phase is for high loads like industries or commercial buildings.
- What happens when two positively charged material is placed together?
They repel each other due to the force between like charges, as per Coulomb’s law.
- Define the term Capacitance and Inductance?
Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to store electrical energy. Inductance is a coil’s ability to induce voltage when the current changes.
- Mention what is the difference between generator and alternator?
A generator produces DC or AC by converting mechanical energy, while an alternator specifically produces AC electricity.
- What is Current?
Current is the flow of electric charge in a circuit, measured in amperes (A).
- Could you measure current in parallel?
No, current is measured in series by placing an ammeter in line with the circuit.
- What is the difference between power & energy?
Power is the rate of doing work (measured in watts). Energy is the total work done over time (measured in joules or kWh).
- Explain about Interior wiring?
Interior wiring involves concealed or surface wiring systems to distribute power safely inside buildings, using conduits, cables, and junction boxes.
- Explain about the Godown wiring?
Godown wiring controls lights in large storage areas. It uses a system of switches, enabling lights to be turned on/off sequentially.
- What is the use of Electrical Switch?
An electrical switch opens or closes a circuit, controlling the flow of current to appliances or devices.
- Why do we use plugs?
Plugs connect electrical devices to the power supply safely, ensuring proper contact and current flow.
- Explain about the Fuses & circuit Breakers?
Fuses and circuit breakers protect circuits from overcurrent by interrupting the flow. Fuses melt, while breakers trip and can be reset.
TINSMITHY
- What is sheet metal work?
Sheet metal work is all about transforming flat metal sheets into useful items. Whether it’s a ventilation duct or a decorative lamp, this involves cutting, bending, and shaping metal.
- Which are the sheets of metals?
Sheet metals come in different types, each serving specific purposes:
Steel for strength.
Aluminum for lightweight projects.
Copper for its conductivity.
Brass and tin for decorative and protective uses.
Galvanized iron for durability.
- Name the sheet metal hand tools.
Some must-have tools for working with sheet metal include:
Snips for cutting.
Hammers and mallets for shaping.
Stakes for support.
Pliers, seamers, punches, and scribers for fine-tuning and marking.
- What is shearing?
Shearing is like slicing paper, but for metal. It’s a process that cuts sheet metal along straight lines using tools like bench shears or guillotines, producing sharp, clean edges.
- What are the Sheet Metal Joints?
Think of these as the “glue” that holds metal parts together:
Lap joint for overlapping pieces.
Butt joint for end-to-end connections.
Seam joint for watertight seals.
Grooved seam and corner joints for stronger bonds.
- What is the Snips?
Snips are your go-to for cutting sheet metal. Picture scissors, but tougher. They come in types like straight snips, curved snips, and aviation snips for precise cuts.
- What are the different uses of Hammers?
Hammers in sheet metal work do more than pound nails. You’ll use them for shaping, flattening, and joining. Examples? Ball-peen hammers, mallets, and planishing hammers, each for specific tasks.
- What is the Purpose of Stakes?
Stakes are the unsung heroes of shaping metal. These sturdy tools give you a solid surface to bend, curve, or form complex shapes. Imagine molding clay, but with metal.
- Explain about sheet metal materials.
Sheet metals vary widely:
Mild steel: Tough but flexible.
Aluminum: Lightweight and rust-free.
Copper: Great for electrical projects.
Stainless steel: Shiny and strong.
Brass: Adds a decorative touch.
Each material brings something unique to the table.
- What is meant by Wire Gauge?
Wire gauge is all about measuring thickness. Here’s the trick: smaller numbers mean thicker metal, while larger numbers indicate thinner sheets. A quick, simple way to size things up.
- What is meant by Bench Shear?
A bench shear is a metal-cutting powerhouse mounted on a workbench. It slices through sheet metal like butter, making straight, precise cuts with minimal effort.
FOUNDRY
- What are the main ingredients of good moulding sand?
Good moulding sand isn’t just made of one thing – it’s a mix! Typically, you’ll find silica sand, clay, water, and sometimes additives like binders and coal dust. These elements work together to improve the sand’s strength, flexibility, and permeability.
- What are the main properties required for good moulding sand?
For moulding sand to do its job well, it needs to be tough. We’re talking about strength (so it doesn’t crack under pressure), permeability (to let gases escape), and plasticity (so it can be easily shaped). A good sand mix also needs to stand up to heat, without losing its form or deforming when the molten metal pours in.
- What are the defects found in a casting?
Casting is tricky, and a lot can go wrong. Common defects include porosity (tiny holes in the metal), shrinkage (where the metal cools too quickly), misruns (when the metal doesn’t fill the mold completely), cold shuts (where metal doesn’t properly fuse), and surface defects. Most of these happen because of problems with molding, cooling, or the pouring process.
- What is meant by foundry?
A foundry is where the magic happens. It’s a place where metal is melted, molded, and cast into different shapes. The process involves everything from creating molds to finishing the metal parts for use in machinery, tools, or other products.
- What is meant by sprue pin?
A sprue pin is an important part of the mold’s gating system. It’s a pin used to create a channel that allows molten metal to flow into the mold cavity. Think of it as the “entry point” for the metal.
- What are the main ingredients of good moulding sand?
Good moulding sand is made from a few key ingredients: silica sand, clay, and water. Sometimes, other additives are used to help the sand hold its shape better and cope with the heat of molten metal.
- What are the main properties required for good moulding sand?
For sand to be effective in casting, it needs a solid mix of strength (to handle pressure), permeability (to let air escape), plasticity (for molding), and thermal stability (to stay intact under heat). These properties ensure the sand can hold up under the conditions of the casting process.
